CLEP Western Civilization 1 Practice Test

The major consequence of the Peloponnesian War for Athens was indeed the loss of political stability. After enduring a prolonged and devastating conflict with Sparta and its allies, Athens faced significant internal turmoil. The war impaired its economy, ravaged its population, and led to widespread political strife. This resulted in the weakening of democratic institutions and the eventual rise of oligarchic factions which undermined the political cohesion of the city. As a result, Athens struggled to maintain its influence and control, facing challenges both from external enemies and internal dissent during the post-war period.

In contrast, while the war initially saw Athens as a leading power, it did not result in expansion but rather a contraction of its influence, making the notion of increased cultural achievements less relevant during the immediate aftermath of the conflict. The societal disruptions also hindered the stability that is typically required to foster and advance cultural pursuits.