What is the title of the chief priest in ancient Rome?

The title of the chief priest in ancient Rome is "Pontifex Maximus." This position held significant religious authority and was responsible for overseeing the various aspects of Roman religious practices, including the maintenance of the calendar of religious observances, conducting rituals, and overseeing other priests. The role was pivotal in Roman society, as it bridged the gap between the political and the spiritual realms, with the Pontifex Maximus acting as a key figure in ensuring that the favor of the gods was maintained on behalf of the state.

Understanding this title also provides insight into the political landscape of ancient Rome, where religious leaders often held substantial influence. The position of Pontifex Maximus was eventually associated with the emperors and became a title used by them, illustrating the merging of religious and political power in the later stages of Roman governance. In contrast, the other provided titles refer to different roles within Roman political structure; for instance, consuls were the chief executives of the Republic, senators were members of the legislative assembly, and praetors primarily served as judges. Each of these roles had its distinct functions, clearly separate from the religious duties embodied by the Pontifex Maximus.