What law code is known for the principle of "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth"?

The principle of "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth" is famously associated with Hammurabi's Code, which is one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes, dating back to around 1754 BCE in ancient Babylon. This phrase encapsulates the concept of lex talionis, or the law of retaliation, where the punishment corresponds directly to the offense. Hammurabi's Code established standards for justice that aimed to ensure that punishments were proportionate to the crimes committed, thus promoting a more structured legal system in society.

This code comprised a series of laws covering various aspects of daily life, including trade, family relations, and personal injuries, reflecting the values and norms of Babylonian society. It emphasizes the notion that individuals should receive a punishment that is equal to the harm they caused, an idea that influenced later legal systems and concepts of justice throughout history.