What was the primary objective of the Holy Office founded by Paul III in 1542?

The Holy Office, established by Pope Paul III in 1542, primarily aimed to monitor newly published books for heretical theology. This institution, also known as the Roman Inquisition, was part of the Catholic Church's broader response to the Protestant Reformation and the rising tide of heretical ideas that emerged during that period. By overseeing the publication and dissemination of literature, the Holy Office sought to safeguard the orthodoxy of Catholic teachings and ensure that any works that diverged from accepted theological positions were scrutinized and potentially censored. This effort was crucial for maintaining the integrity of the Church's doctrine in the face of challenges posed by reformers and other dissenting voices.

The focus of the Holy Office on monitoring publications reflects the Church's strategy to control the narrative and influence of ideas during a time of significant theological upheaval. In contrast, the other options, such as promoting new theological ideas, creating alliances with Protestant reformers, or establishing new religious orders, do not align with the primary functions and objectives of the Holy Office during that era. The Catholic Church, particularly through the Holy Office, was primarily concerned with preserving its authority and combating the spread of Protestantism, rather than fostering new theological movements or forming partnerships with reformers