Which city is most associated with the "Hagia Sophia"?

The Hagia Sophia, a monumental architectural masterpiece, is most associated with Constantinople, which is present-day Istanbul, Turkey. Originally constructed as a cathedral in the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Justinian I in 537 AD, it served as an emblem of religious and political power for Orthodox Christianity. The Hagia Sophia was renowned for its massive dome and intricate decorative elements, representing a significant achievement in Byzantine architecture and engineering.

Throughout history, the Hagia Sophia has undergone various transformations, notably transitioning from a cathedral to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, and later becoming a museum in the 20th century before returning to a mosque in recent years. Its significance extends beyond its physical structure; it symbolizes the blend of Christianity and Islam, as well as the cultural and historical shifts that occurred in the region over centuries. This rich history firmly anchors the Hagia Sophia to Constantinople, making it an integral part of the city's identity and heritage.