Which dynasty arose around 2100 B.C.E. in Sumer and revolted against Akkadian rule?

The Third Dynasty of Ur emerged around 2100 B.C.E. in Sumer, during a period of political instability following the decline of the Akkadian Empire. This dynasty is notable for its significant cultural and economic achievements and is often seen as a response to the Akkadian centralization of power. The rulers of the Third Dynasty of Ur sought to restore local governance and pride among the Sumerian city-states, ultimately leading to a revolt against Akkadian dominance. This revolt was motivated by a desire for independence and the re-establishment of traditional Sumerian ways of life, including their religious practices and local autonomy.

The dynasty is also known for implementing extensive administrative reforms and monumental construction projects. The ziggurat of Ur is a famous example of this architectural endeavor. Additionally, the period is characterized by advancements in writing, literature, and legal codes, underscoring its importance in the broader context of Mesopotamian history.