Which group re-unified Mesopotamia and established Babylon as their capital?

The correct answer is the Amorites. The Amorites played a crucial role in the re-unification of Mesopotamia during the early 2nd millennium BCE. They emerged as a powerful group that took advantage of the political fragmentation in the region, leading to their eventual control over significant areas of Mesopotamia.

Under the leadership of Hammurabi, the most famous king of the Amorites, Babylon was established as a major political and cultural center. Hammurabi's reign marked the height of the Amorite dynasty, during which he implemented a codified set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi, which had a profound impact on legal systems in subsequent civilizations. The establishment of Babylon as the capital allowed the Amorites to exert influence over the entire region, thus reuniting the fractured city-states of Mesopotamia into a centralized political structure.

In contrast, the Assyrians, Hittites, and Akkadians had their own significant periods in Mesopotamian history but were not the ones responsible for the specific unification under Babylon as led by the Amorites. The Akkadians, for instance, unified Mesopotamia earlier, but their influence waned before the rise of the Amorites, and the H