Which of the following Crusades aimed to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin?

The Crusade that aimed to recapture Jerusalem from Saladin was indeed the Third Crusade. Launched in 1189, it was initiated in response to the Muslim leader Saladin's successful capture of Jerusalem in 1187. Prominent leaders such as Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Frederick Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire participated in this Crusade. Their collective goal was to reclaim the city and restore Christian control over it.

The Third Crusade is particularly notable for its military campaigns and negotiations, most famously Richard the Lionheart’s attempts to reach Jerusalem and engage Saladin in battle. Although the Crusaders managed to secure several important victories, they ultimately did not retake Jerusalem but established a treaty that allowed Christian pilgrims access to the city.

In contrast, the First Crusade, which began in 1096, succeeded in capturing Jerusalem from Muslim control but was not aimed specifically at Saladin, as he rose to prominence later. The Second Crusade (1147-1149) was a response to the fall of the County of Edessa and also did not involve Jerusalem directly in terms of recapture from Saladin. The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) deviated entirely from its