Which pharaoh is associated with the establishment of a monotheistic religion centered around the sun-god Aton?

The correct answer is associated with Akhenaton, known for introducing a form of monotheism to ancient Egypt that focused on the worship of Aton, the sun god. During his reign, Akhenaton sought to revolutionize Egyptian religion by promoting Aton as the sole deity, moving away from the traditional polytheistic practices that included a multitude of gods and goddesses. This significant shift is epitomized in his establishment of a new capital, Akhetaten (modern-day Amarna), dedicated to Aton.

Akhenaton's religious reforms marked a radical departure from previous worship practices, emphasizing a personal connection between the individual and Aton. This was notable in a society where the pharaohs were typically viewed as intermediaries between their people and the pantheon of gods. His reign, characterized by this unique religious perspective, stands out in the history of ancient Egypt, even though his changes did not last long after his death, as successive rulers returned to traditional beliefs.

In contrast, the other figures listed do not share this specific focus on monotheism or the sun god Aton. Ramesses II is renowned for his military achievements and monumental building projects rather than any religious reforms, Howard Carter is famous for discovering Tutank