Which philosopher urged the complete suppression of desire for achieving a state of enlightened apathy?

The philosopher who urged the complete suppression of desire for achieving a state of enlightened apathy is Zeno of Citium. He is the founder of Stoicism, a school of philosophy that teaches the importance of virtue, wisdom, and self-control. Zeno and his followers believed that the path to true happiness and freedom lies within the mastery of one's desires and emotions, thus achieving a state of apathy towards external circumstances.

In Stoic thought, desires can lead to suffering and emotional turmoil. By suppressing these desires and focusing instead on rational thought and virtue, individuals can attain a serene and stable mind. This pursuit of emotional detachment is central to Stoicism, contrasting with the views of other philosophers, such as Epicurus, who emphasized the pursuit of pleasure but also acknowledged the importance of moderation.

The emphasis on rationality and self-discipline in Zeno's teachings highlights the Stoic belief that one should focus on what is within one's control—namely, one's own thoughts and actions—while maintaining indifference to outside influences. This philosophical framework was influential in shaping later ideas about emotional resilience and ethical living.