Which term best describes the method of reasoning advocated by Francis Bacon?

The method of reasoning advocated by Francis Bacon is best described as inductive. Inductive reasoning involves drawing generalized conclusions from specific observations or instances. Bacon emphasized the importance of empirical evidence collected through observation and experimentation as a foundation for knowledge. He believed that by accumulating data and making observations, one could lead to broader generalizations and principles, unlike the deductive approach, which starts with a general statement or hypothesis and derives specific instances from it.

Bacon's approach marked a significant departure from previous methods of inquiry, particularly those based on established doctrines and reasoning from first principles. Instead, he championed a systematic way of investigating the natural world, laying the groundwork for the modern scientific method, which prioritizes observation and experimentation over preconceived notions.

Through this inductive process, knowledge becomes more reliable because it is based on concrete evidence rather than assumptions or intuition. Bacon’s influence is evident in the way scientific inquiries are designed today, focusing on testing hypotheses derived from direct observations.