Who established Calvinism in Scotland and founded the Presbyterian Church?

The establishment of Calvinism in Scotland and the foundation of the Presbyterian Church are attributed to John Knox. In the mid-16th century, Knox, who was a Scottish minister and theologian, became a key figure in the Protestant Reformation in Scotland. He was a disciple of John Calvin, whose ideas he brought back to Scotland after spending time in Geneva.

Knox's leadership and fervent preaching played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape of Scotland, leading to the rejection of Roman Catholicism and the establishment of a reformed church governance structure that is characteristic of Presbyterianism. His works, particularly the "First Book of Discipline," laid out a systematic approach to church organization that emphasized the authority of the Bible, the priesthood of all believers, and a system of church governance by elders.

Thus, John Knox's influence was crucial in instilling Calvinist theology and practice in Scotland, making him the foundational figure for the Presbyterian tradition in that country.