Who governed the early Romans before they revolted in 509 B.C.E.?

The early Romans were governed by the Etruscans before their revolt in 509 B.C.E. The Etruscans were a powerful civilization that dominated parts of Italy, particularly in the region of Etruria, which is near modern Tuscany. They significantly influenced Roman culture, religion, and politics, providing them with architectural techniques, religious practices, and forms of governance.

During this period, Etruscan kings ruled over Rome. The last of these kings, Tarquin the Proud, was particularly tyrannical and unpopular, which led to widespread discontent among the Roman populace. This discontent culminated in a revolt against monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic, marking a significant transition in Roman history.

Understanding this context is crucial, as it highlights the Etruscans' role in shaping early Roman society and the eventual emergence of republicanism, which became a fundamental aspect of Roman identity and governance. The other groups mentioned, such as the Greeks, Carthaginians, and Egyptians, had varying degrees of influence on Rome but were not the governing power at this particular historical moment.