Who succeeded Charles Martel as the leader of the Carolingian dynasty?

Pepin the Short succeeded Charles Martel as the leader of the Carolingian dynasty. After Martel's death in 741, Pepin, who was one of his sons, took control of the Frankish realm. He was instrumental in consolidating the power of the Carolingian family and was the first to hold the title of "king" as opposed to merely being a mayor of the palace, which was the traditional title held by the rulers before him.

Pepin's reign marked a significant transition in Frankish governance, paralleling the growing influence of the church, as he sought legitimacy for his rule. In 751, he was anointed king by Pope Zachary, reinforcing the connection between the Carolingian dynasty and the papacy, a relationship that would have lasting implications for medieval Europe.

The other options, while notable figures in their own right, did not succeed Charles Martel in this direct manner. Pope Leo III came much later and is recognized for crowning Charlemagne, who was Pepin's son. Louis the Pious was Charlemagne's son and successor, and Charlemagne himself rose to prominence after Pepin's reign, expanding the Carolingian Empire significantly.