Who was the Athenian tyrant that reformed the political structure of Athens around 508 B.C.E.?

Cleisthenes is recognized as the Athenian tyrant who implemented significant political reforms in Athens around 508 B.C.E. His reforms, often referred to as the "Cleisthenic Reforms," laid the groundwork for Athenian democracy. He organized the citizens of Athens into ten tribes based on their geographic locations rather than their familial ties, which helped to dilute the power of aristocratic families and promote a more inclusive political system. This restructuring enabled broader participation in governance, as it expanded the political rights of ordinary citizens. His emphasis on civic identity over traditional lineage was a pivotal shift that fostered the development of democracy in Athens.

Other figures mentioned in the options, such as Pericles, Aeschylus, and Hesiod, played important roles in Athenian history and culture but were not primarily responsible for the foundational political changes initiated in 508 B.C.E. Pericles is particularly noted for his contributions to democracy and culture during Athens' Golden Age, but his work came after Cleisthenes’ reforms. Aeschylus was a playwright whose works are significant in literature, and Hesiod was a poet whose writings reflect early Greek thought and society, but neither was involved in the political restructuring that Cleis